Walker and Shea discuss how the consequences of behaviour determiner of behaviour. People repeat behaviours that are in their perception praised or rewarded (1984, page 25).
Positive reinforcement is a strategy that assists in increasing desired behaviours. This is done by firstly identifying the desired behaviour and then to reinforce the behaviour once it has been displayed. The reinforcement can include a smile, sticker, free time, a pat on the back and positive phrases like.... “Kelly I like it when you put your hand up” (Walker. J., Shea. T., 1984).
Negative reinforcement is a difficult strategy to apply in a classroom environment. Negative reinforcement is the removal of something the students don’t like or want. For example you could have marks on the board that represent lost free time at the end of the day (this is because of miss-behaviour). When students then behave in the desired behaviour the teacher will erase a mark of the board therefore giving the students one more minute of free time. This strengthens the desired behaviours’ (Walker. J, Shea. T, 1984).
Punishment according to Walker and Shea punishment is not effective long term. Punishment tends to suppress the undesirable behaviour rather than extinguish it and often the behaviour recurs when there is a different teacher. Examples of punishment can be taking away pleasurable items, time out, loss of recess time or having to hang out with the teacher during lunch time (1984, page 33).
Reference list
Walker. J., Shea. T. (1984) Behavior Management a practical approach for educators. United States of America, Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing.
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